Diseases have been recognized as the major obstacle to the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture production in Bangladesh. The present study assessed the range of aquatic animal health problems encountered and management practices adopted by shrimp and freshwater prawn farmers through a systematic survey. The ultimate goals of this study were to provide an evaluation of the health problems, disease management practices, occupational health hazards associated to shrimp and prawn aquaculture and to assess farmers’ knowledge on disease prevention and treatment to promote appropriate private and public interventions.