This review covers the biology and ecology of the three genera of Perna: P. viridis, P. canaliculatus and P. perna. An overview is given of the technological status of culture systems with emphasis being laid on the description of advanced culture techniques such as raft and longline systems. Postharvest handling aspects for preservation of live and processed mussels are presented in detail and public health and economic aspects of the mussel culture industry are described.