Community-based and co-management approaches are key strategies for small-scale fisheries management. The expansion of these approaches is particularly apparent in the Pacific, where communities rely heavily on small-scale fisheries and concerns about sustainability are increasing. Many community-based management initiatives are recognised within a regional practitioner's network referred to as the Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network. This paper discuss how LMMAs may achieve the following objectives: 1) increasing short-term harvesting efficiency; 2) restoring biodiversity and ecosystems; 3) maintaining or restoring breeding biomass; 4) enhancing livelihoods; 5) reinforcing customs; 6) asserting access rights; and 7) community empowerment.