The focus of this case study is the rohu carp genetic improvement program based in Bangladesh. The work forms part of the Sustainable Aquaculture Program of WorldFish and the CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems (FISH, Flagship 1, Cluster 1 Genetics). The genetic improvement program aims to produce faster growing fish for fish farmers in Bangladesh, but with broad relevance to the whole rohu market chain in the country. The program also underpins improved efficiency, profitability and reduced environmental impact of the industry while contributing to meeting market demand. The case covers the period 2014–2021