Fisheries sector in India has made rapid strides in recent years. Its role in increasing food supply, generating job opportunities, raising nutritional level and earning foreign exchange has been continuously increasing. However, this sector did not receive adequate attention from the social scientists to understand its various socio-economic dynamics. This publication is an outcome of the research project on "Strategies and options for increasing and sustaining fisheries and aquaculture production to benefit poor households in Asia" in which India is one of the partners. National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi has implemented this project in collaboration with central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore and Gujarat Agricultural University, Junagarh. The publication provides an overview of socio-economic profile of stakeholders (fishermen/women), fishing and aquaculture technologies, demand and expected supply, policies, institutions and support systems. I am sure that this volume would be a useful document to researchers, policy makers, planners and students alike to understand the socio economic aspect of fisheries sector in India.