The present experiment was conducted in twelve earthen ponds 2100-m2 at WorldFish Center research facility at Abbassa, Egypt, to assess the efficiency of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in controlling unwanted Nile tilapia (Oreochrmis niloticus) reproduction in grow out and to evaluate the performance of tilapia in polyculture system with catfish under low-input production system. Mixed sex tilapia fry (averaging 0.15 g total body weight) stocked at the rate of 2 fish/m2 and African catfish fingerlings (223 g) were introduced two month later at stocking rates of 7 and 13% of tilapia into T2 and T3 respectively in addition to T1 which had no African catfish introduced to it. Ponds were fertilized weekly using chicken letter at the rate of 500 kg/ha. Water quality parameters were monitored weekly for measuring DO concentration, temperature, Secchi disk, pH and NH4. Also monthly water samples were taken for measuring pH, alkalinity, TAN, NO3, NO2 available phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and total hardness. Statistical analysis of the obtained fish production data at the end of the thirty-week experimental period, showed that catfish significantly (P