In India, education in all agricultural sciences, including fisheries, is the responsibility of agricultural universities in their respective states. The establishment of these universities started only in the early sixties, and before this, no Indian university was offering higher level fisheries education. The central and state governments had to recruit graduates in any of the basic sciences for manning the managerial posts in the fisheries sector. But since such recruits had no knowledge of the multidisciplinary field of fisheries, the governments resorted to establishing a series of in-service training centers at various levels.