The freshwater fisheries in Myanmar are economically significant and important to livelihoods and food security. Yet significant threats to the resource base and public demand call for the development of management initiatives, legal adjustments and a people-centered approach. This brief identifies a series of options and priorities that could help improving freshwater fisheries management towards a more sustainable and equitable exploitation of inland fish resources. These include better knowledge of the resource base; integrated land and water management; the creation of opportunities through emerging Region/State legislation; the improvement of existing capture production systems and the development of new fish production systems.