The search for sustainable livelihood approaches to reduce poverty continues to pose a challenge to rural development planners and practitioners. Many fishers and farmers have developed methods of aquaculture that use water-based, natural-capital stocks and which utilize resources available locally. Development agencies have undertaken research and development efforts that build on these initiatives. This resource book is a compilation of 67 field-derived experiences and methods applied in Asia. These were compiled from contributions by 37 practitioners from 12 countries. The examples are grouped into six different chapters: general issues and principles of small-scale aquaculture as it relates to small farmers; emphasis on participatory approaches and extension strategies pertaining to small-scale aquaculture; improved management of aquatic resources by involving the communities and stakeholders; specific aquaculture systems in freshwater, brackish water and marine systems as well as lake and reservoir based fish culture. This book intentionally presents a diversity of perspectives, viewpoints and positions. It is of relevance to a wider range of development practitioners, local government officials and academic institutions.