Despite the considerable potential for continued growth in cyprinid aquaculture production in Asia, there are increasing concerns about the status of native cyprinids especially those that are important to aquaculture in the region. During the last 25 years, Asia has seen remarkable economic and social transformation that consequently has resulted in increases in developmental activities and enormous pressure on the region’s natural resources. Degradation of the aquatic environment and water pollution have taken their toll on its biological resources and threatened its rich natural diversity. In view of the importance of cyprinids to the present and future status of Asian aquaculture Chapter 7 Threatened Cyprinid Species In Asia1 Belen O. Acosta2 and Modadugu V. Gupta2 1 WorldFish Center Contribution No. 1732. 2 WorldFish Center, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. 3 Definitions by the IUCN (Groombridge 1993): endangered – taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction. Also included are taxa that may be extinct but have been definitely been seen in the wild in the past 50 years; vulnerable- taxa that are likely to move into the “endangered” category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are the taxa of which most or all of the population(s) are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbances, whose ultimate security has not been assured; and taxa with population(s) that are still abundant but are under threat from severe adverse factors throughout their range. (small-scale and industrial scale), it is necessary to have information on endangered/threatened species to assist with the region’s conservation programs. This chapter reports on the status of such cyprinids in Asia and the factors that are threatening them.