Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), caused by the water mould (Oomycota) Aphanomyces invadans, has spread throughout the world’s major continents over the last 50 years, with the apparent exception of South and Central America. With over 160 susceptible fish species representing 54 families and 16 orders recorded to date, EUS is of international concern and infection with A. invadans is a World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) listed disease. This paper examines what little has been reported on the impacts of EUS on subsistence fisheries and wildlife, or what can be deduced about those impacts, and concludes that there is a need for systematic data collection on the size and socio-economic importance of subsistence fisheries.